DE, DM, M & AM

To talk about the composition of the universe where a newness is coming; if proven correct the new universe story will be different from the previously thought. The new study is challenging the existence of dark matter (DM) and put forth a new explanation for behaviors in the universe that were once attributed to this DM.  According to traditional understandings of the universe, collected numerical data demonstrated  that only about 5% of the universe is made of the same stuff as we are, 26% is thinly distributed dark matter(DM), which we can’t see, and the remaining 69% is attributed to the dark energy (DE) of the cosmological constant [see image below]. In this universe model well positioned  DE & DM  was beyond detection by any known scientific means by humans till today. And astronomical observations since the golden 1990s have pinned down the age of the universe― the time elapsed since the big bang ― to 13.8 billion years ((+/- 20million Y).

The new universe study was conducted by Professor Gupta, the age of the universe

Gupta’s team published the paper saying universe is 26.7 billion years old and discover that the universe does not require dark matter to exist.”   Gupta provided his explanation in his paper.

UNIVERSE

YESTERDAY                              TODAY                             TOMORROW

13.7 billion years old ONGOING RESEARCH 26.7 billion years old                  

What was Dark Matter (DM) anyway?  

• a substance that people are not able to see and 
• doesn’t interact with light or electromagnetic fields. 
• the only way it can be identified is through its gravitational effects,   radiation, and the overall structure of the universe.                                                                       

Even with rigorous testing by scientists there have still been no direct detection of Dark Matter. Failure to measure or observe DM has directed some physicists to declare the universe has no dark matter.

About Dark Energy (DE)

Adam Riess is a physicist at Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore. Riess holds a Nobel Prize for co-discovering the fact that the universe’s expansion is accelerating, due to a mysterious phenomenon known as “dark energy.”

In a recent statement, Adam Riess clarified his position  by saying that he believes  scientists might have “misunderstood the universe.” His latest comments was published in a NASA blog post in which he discusses the “Hubble constant.”   

The Hubble constant measures the rate at which the universe expands — or how quickly or slowly the universe grows. According to Riess, physicists who long thought about an expanding universe may be utterly wrong.   

Dark matter is similar to dark energy in terms of invisibility because both objects remained undetectable to scientists till date. Other than this, Dark matter pulls galaxies together, while dark energy pushes them apart.  Astronomers believe Dark Energy is a counterpart to gravity. It has the capability to exert negative pressure and stretch the spacetime of the universe.  Hypothetical dark energy remains a constant for many in the science community.    

About Matter (M) & Antimatter (AM)

“Nature has chosen to double the number of its basic building blocks. For every subatomic particle, remarkably there exists an “‘antiparticle”‘ with opposite properties such as electric charge. Before 1927, nobody had the slightest suspicion that such a world of “‘antimatter”‘ existed. But that year, the British physicist Paul Dirac wrote down an equation that described an electron travelling at close to the speed of light and noticed that it contained something odd.” ^{[Ref. 2]}. The most recent example: When the LHC (Large Hadron Collider) produces matter in high energy collisions, it creates exactly the same quantity of antimatter.

A Paradox

“The observed universe contains about 10⁵⁰ tons of matter (M) but almost no antimatter (AM). This is another of its biofriendly properties, for if the expanding universe had emerged with equal amounts of each, then all particles would have quickly annihilated with their antiparticles, leaving behind a burst of high energy gamma radiation and no matter at all.

How did the universe emerge from its fiery birth with an excess of 10⁵⁰ tons of matter? Something must have broken the symmetry between matter and antimatter in the ultrahot big bang, slightly favoring the creation of particles over antiparticles.” ^{[Ref. 3]}

REFERENCES:

• https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.3847/1538-4357/ad1bc6
•  Excerpted from The One Thing You Need to Know. Copyright © 2023 by Marcus Chown. Published by Michael O’Mara.
• ON THE ORIGIN OF TIME ― (Stephen Hawking’s Final Theory), Written By: THOMAS HERTOG (P – 8).